What does Luke 16:20 mean?

Explanation

Luke 16:20 introduces the character of Lazarus in the parable of the rich man and Lazarus, which Jesus tells to His listeners.

The verse describes Lazarus as a beggar who was placed at the gate of a rich man’s home, afflicted with sores.

The image is one of utter destitution and suffering, and it establishes a stark contrast between Lazarus and the wealthy individual who lives in comfort.

Lazarus’ condition, being full of sores, also implies that he is not only poor but also unwell, and perhaps even ritually unclean according to the Jewish laws of the time.

The mention of his name, which is rare for characters in Jesus’ parables, might suggest a personalization of the situation, giving dignity to the overlooked and suffering figure.

Lazarus' situation in this life serves to mirror his moral and spiritual virtue when compared to the rich man whose life is characterized by luxury and indifference to the poor.

Historical Context

The parable of the rich man and Lazarus is found in the Gospel of Luke, which was written around the end of the first century.

During this time, the divide between the rich and the poor was significant, and the plight of beggars was a common sight in cities across the Roman Empire.

It was expected in Jewish culture that those who were well-off would provide alms and assistance to the less fortunate as part of their religious obligations. The parable is set in this societal context and reflects the cultural expectations and tensions of the time.

Theological Insights

Theologically, this verse sets the stage for a discussion on the afterlife and the consequences of one's actions on earth.

From a Christian standpoint, Lazarus is often seen as an embodiment of Jesus' teachings that prioritize the poor and the outcast. The parable emphasizes the reversal of fortunes in the afterlife, where earthly wealth does not equate to heavenly riches.

From a different perspective, this parable can be a call to heed the words of the prophets and the Law of Moses, as the rich man is later admonished for not listening to them. It serves as a warning that neglecting the word of God and failing to show compassion have eternal implications.

Practical Applications

Practically, this verse and the parable it belongs to can motivate individuals to be more conscious of social inequalities and to take action against them.

It can serve as an inspiration for charity work and volunteering, emphasizing the values of compassion, hospitality, and helping those in need.

It also calls for a reflection on one's own priorities and the importance of not being consumed by material wealth at the expense of spiritual and moral responsibilities.

Cross-References

• Luke 16:25: "But Abraham said, Son, remember that thou in thy lifetime receivedst thy good things, and likewise Lazarus evil things: but now he is comforted, and thou art tormented."
• Luke 14:13: "But when thou makest a feast, call the poor, the maimed, the lame, the blind:"
• James 2:5: "Hearken, my beloved brethren, Hath not God chosen the poor of this world rich in faith, and heirs of the kingdom which he hath promised to them that love him?"
• Matthew 19:24: "And again I say unto you, It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle, than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God."
• Matthew 25:34-36: "Then shall the King say unto them on his right hand, Come, ye blessed of my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world: For I was an hungred, and ye gave me meat: I was thirsty, and ye gave me drink: I was a stranger, and ye took me in: Naked, and ye clothed me: I was sick, and ye visited me: I was in prison, and ye came unto me."

Language Study

The original Greek text uses the name "Lazaros" which is a Hellenized version of the Hebrew name "Eleazar" meaning "God has helped." The phrase "full of sores" in Greek is "plērēs helkōn," with "plērēs" meaning "full" and "helkōn" referring to ulcers or sores.

This description evokes a vivid picture of Lazarus’s physical condition, and the use of the word "helkōn" underlines the severity of his state.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

The plight of Lazarus can be compared to figures in other ancient religions and myths that emphasize the reversal of fortunes.

For example, in Egyptian mythology, the afterlife was seen as a place where the heart was weighed against the feather of Maat, and those who lived unjustly would face dire consequences despite their earthly status.

In Hinduism and Buddhism, the concept of karma also relates one’s actions to future consequences, whereby acts of compassion and righteousness lead to a better rebirth, contrasting the neglect exhibited by the rich man in the parable.

Scientific Perspectives

From a scientific perspective, the description of Lazarus as "full of sores" may indicate a severe skin condition or disease, which could have been a common sight in the unsanitary conditions of ancient cities.

Some modern medical interpretations might suggest that Lazarus suffered from a condition such as leprosy, which was stigmatized and made him an outcast, reflecting the social and health issues of the time.

Commentaries

Biblical scholars and theologians offer a variety of interpretations of this verse.

Some consider it as a literal warning about the afterlife, while others view it as a symbolic teaching on social justice.

Scholars such as John Calvin and Martin Luther noted the parable's focus on the faith and actions rather than wealth.

Contemporary theologians often emphasize the social gospel aspect of the parable, suggesting that it serves as a critique of those who ignore the suffering of others while indulging in their own wealth and comfort.

Overall, commentators agree that the parable of the rich man and Lazarus is a powerful narrative on the consequences of one's actions and attitudes in life, with enduring ethical and spiritual relevance.