What does Luke 6:31 mean?

Explanation

The verse from Luke 6:31, commonly known as the Golden Rule, says, "And as ye would that men should do to you, do ye also to them likewise." This passage calls upon individuals to treat others in a manner that they themselves would like to be treated.

It is a universal principle of empathy and reciprocity, urging one to consider the feelings and desires of others before acting.

The deeper meaning extends beyond mere politeness and enters the realm of moral and ethical behavior, suggesting that our actions towards others should stem from a place of compassion and consideration for their well-being.

Historical Context

Luke 6:31 is part of Jesus' Sermon on the Plain, which is an important collection of teachings found in the Gospel of Luke.

This sermon is believed to have been delivered around 30 A.D. in a level place, distinct from the Sermon on the Mount recounted in the Gospel of Matthew.

The historical context of this scripture is tied to the societal norms of the ancient Near East, where honor and shame were powerful social forces.

This verse challenges the prevailing cultural ethos by encouraging individuals to step beyond social boundaries and treat others with unconditional respect and kindness.

Theological Insights

From a theological standpoint, the Golden Rule expresses the essence of the Christian moral life. It encapsulates the law of love as taught by Jesus throughout the Gospels.

Christian theologians see it as a summary of the neighbor-love commandment ("You shall love your neighbor as yourself," Leviticus 19:18).

Various Christian denominations may interpret it slightly differently; however, its core message of empathy and ethical reciprocity remains a cornerstone in Christian moral teaching.

Practical Applications

In practical terms, the Golden Rule can be applied in countless ways in everyday life.

It may influence how one interacts with family, friends, colleagues, and strangers.

Its application can lead to acts of kindness, fairness in business dealings, and efforts to understand and help others.

It promotes a society based on compassion and mutual respect, where personal and professional relationships are conducted with the well-being of others in mind.

Cross-References

• Matthew 7:12: "Therefore all things whatsoever ye would that men should do to you, do ye even so to them: for this is the law and the prophets."
• Leviticus 19:18: "Thou shalt not avenge, nor bear any grudge against the children of thy people, but thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself: I am the LORD."
• Matthew 22:39: "And the second is like unto it, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself."

Language Study

The key words in the original Greek text of Luke 6:31 include:

• ποιεῖτε (poieite): This is a present active imperative form of the verb ποιέω (poieō), meaning "to do" or "to make." The imperative mood implies an exhortation or command.
• θέλετε (thelete): From θέλω (thelō), which means "to will" or "to desire." It implies an active wish or preference.
• ἄνθρωποι (anthrōpoi): Meaning "men" or "people," referring to humanity in general.

This study of the language underscores the active, intentional nature of the command to do unto others, reinforcing that this principle is an enduring obligation rather than a passive suggestion.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

The concept of treating others as one would like to be treated is seen in various other religious and cultural traditions.

For example, Confucianism has a similar maxim, sometimes called the Silver Rule: "Do not do unto others what you would not want done to yourself." In Hinduism, the principle of "ahimsa" or non-violence can also be related to this idea of empathetic ethical behavior.

Such widespread parallel notions indicate a common human understanding of reciprocity as a foundational ethical principle across diverse cultures.

Scientific Perspectives

From a scientific perspective, especially in fields such as psychology and sociology, the Golden Rule aligns with principles of social reciprocity and cooperation that are seen as essential for cohesive group living.

It could also be linked to theories of empathy and mirror neurons, whereby seeing others' experiences triggers similar neural responses as if one were experiencing the situation themselves.

Commentaries

Over time, various biblical scholars and theologians have commented on the Golden Rule, highlighting its significance and universality.

Renowned New Testament scholar N.T.

Wright emphasizes that this command encapsulates Jesus' social teachings, which were radical for their time.

Theologian and philosopher Thomas Aquinas saw it as part of natural law, accessible through human reason.

Contemporary biblical commentaries continue to explore its application in modern society, stressing its relevance and transformative potential in an increasingly interconnected world.