What does Romans 3:18 mean?

Explanation

Romans 3:18, "There is no fear of God before their eyes," is a conclusion of a series of Old Testament quotations in the book of Romans that illustrate the universal sinfulness of humanity.

The apostle Paul, who authored this letter to the Roman church, is emphasizing that people naturally do not have reverence or appropriate respect for God.

This absence of fear is not about terror but rather about a reverential awe and recognition of God's authority and righteousness.

In the context of this chapter, Paul is addressing both Jews and Gentiles, showing that all are guilty of sin and in need of salvation, which cannot be obtained through the Law but only through faith in Jesus Christ.

Historical Context

Romans was written by Paul around A.D. 57 during his third missionary journey, likely from the city of Corinth.

The church in Rome was mixed with both Jewish and Gentile believers, and at that time, they were dealing with issues of religious pride, legalism, and the correct understanding of the Law.

Paul used this letter to address these issues and to unify the church under the gospel of grace.

The quotation in Romans 3:18 is part of an argument that beings with Romans 3:10 and is likely drawn from Psalm 36:1, showing that Paul used the Hebrew scriptures to make his case to both audiences.

Theological Insights

From a theological standpoint, Romans 3:18 underscores the Total Depravity aspect of the acronym TULIP, which summarizes the points of Calvinist theology.

It represents the idea that every part of humanity is touched by sin, affecting their will, emotions, and intellect, and that apart from God's intervention, no one seeks after God.

Alternatively, Arminians might emphasize that while humanity is indeed sinful, God's prevenient grace allows individuals to choose salvation.

Catholic theology might focus on the need for continual repentance and good works as evidence of one's reverence for God.

Practical Applications

This passage is a strong reminder for individuals to assess their own attitudes and behaviors.

Are we conducting our lives with a conscious awareness of God's omnipresence, authority, and holiness? It encourages believers to cultivate a healthy fear of the Lord, which is the beginning of wisdom according to Proverbs 9:10.

In practical terms, this implies living in obedience to God's commands, upholding ethical principles, and treating others with love and respect as a reflection of God's character.

Cross-References

• Romans 3:10-12: "As it is written, There is none righteous, no, not one: There is none that understandeth, there is none that seeketh after God."
• Psalm 36:1: "The transgression of the wicked saith within my heart, that there is no fear of God before his eyes."
• Proverbs 1:7: "The fear of the LORD is the beginning of knowledge: but fools despise wisdom and instruction."

Language Study

In the original Greek text, the phrase "fear of God" translates as "φόβος τοῦ Θεοῦ" (phobos tou Theou).

The word "φόβος" (phobos) can mean fear, dread, or terror, but in the context of the New Testament, it often refers to reverence, respect, or awe.

This nuance is important as it distinguishes the fear discussed in this verse from a fear that pushes one away from God to one that acknowledges His majesty and power.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

In comparison to ancient myths and religious interpretations, the fear of gods often stemmed from their capricious natures, where humans would fear retribution and arbitrary punishment.

In contrast, the Judeo-Christian concept of the fear of God is based on His consistent moral character and justice. This reverence for God assumes a relationship with the divine that is not characterized by unpredictability but rather by steadfast love and righteousness.

Scientific Perspectives

The concept of "fear of God" does not directly intersect with scientific perspectives, as it deals with beliefs and attitudes rather than empirical data.

However, psychological studies on religion and behavior may touch on the impact of religious reverence and moral behavior. For instance, some researchers have considered how the fear of divine judgment or a reverence for divine authority might influence ethical decision-making and self-regulation.

Commentaries

Various biblical scholars and theologians have commented on Romans 3:18, often focusing on the universality of sin and need for divine grace.

John Calvin comments on how a lack of the fear of God signifies our natural state of depravity and need for spiritual rebirth.

Matthew Henry reflects on how sin blinds people to their condition and the majesty of God.

More contemporary scholars like N.T.

Wright discuss how the verse fits into the larger argument of Romans, which is to confront self-righteousness and to point all toward the redemption found in Christ.